PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian of Eastern North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of France	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Lujanian			0.0117
				Chibanian										Lujanian			0.129
				Chibanian										Ensenadan			0.3 *
				Calabrian										Ensenadan			0.774
				Calabrian										Sanandresian	Uquian †		1.7 *
				Gelasian										Sanandresian			1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †					Vorohuean			2.58
				Piacenzian										Chapadmalalan			2.9 *
				Zanclean										Chapadmalalan			3.6
														Montehermosan			3.7 *
														Huayquerian			4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
														Chasicoan			7.9 *
														Mayoan			9.9 *
														Laventan			10.9 *
				Serravallian										Laventan			11.63
				Serravallian										Colloncuran			13.7 *
				Langhian										Colloncuran			13.82
				Langhian										Friasian			15.4 *
				Burdigalian										Friasian			15.98
														Santacrucian			16.2 *
														Colhuehuapian			17.4 *
				Aquitanian										Colhuehuapian			20.44
				Aquitanian										Deseadan			20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
				Rupelian										Tinguirirican			28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian										Tinguirirican			33.9
				Priabonian										Divisaderan			35.9 *
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Lutetian										Mustersan			41.9 *
				Ypresian										Mustersan			47.8
				Ypresian										Casamayoran			47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Riochican			56
														Itaboraian			56.9 *
														Peligran			58.9 *
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
				Danian										Tiupampan			62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
			Artinskian		283.5
			Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
			Asselian		Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian	Kuzel	Virgilian	298.9
						Stephanian		Stephanian C		300.3 *
								Stephanian B		300.9 *
								Stephanian A		301.4 *
			Kasimovian				Missourian	Stephanian A		303.7
							Missourian	Cantabrian		305 *
							Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian					307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D		307.4 *
								Westphalian C		309.8
							Atokan	Westphalian C		312.7 *
								Westphalian B		314.6
			Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian			Westphalian B		315.2
								Westphalian A		317 *
							Morrowan	Westphalian A		318.4 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian		318.8 *
								Marsdenian		320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
								Alportian		322 *
								Chokierian		323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian		Chesterian	Chokierian		323.2
								Arnsbergian		324 *
								Pendleian		327.4 *
			Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †		Middle Mississippian		330.9
					Warnantian	Brigantian †	Meramecian		335.8 *
					Livian	Asbian †			336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian		Ivorian		Osagean	Early Mississippian	346.7
					Ivorian		Kinderhookian		351.9 *
					Hastarian		Kinderhookian		353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian			Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian			Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian									Siegen	407.6
			Pragian								Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian								Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
		Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
			Aeronian										438.5
			Rhuddanian										440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
			Katian										445.2
			Sandbian										453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																	1400