PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of North America	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian									Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan			56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian				66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic				100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian							Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian							247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian							251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian					264.28
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
								Filipovian					276.5 *
								Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
								Irginian					285.9 *
								Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian			Bursumian †		Asselian	Shikhanian					293.52
								Uskalykian					294.8
								Surenian					297.5
			Kuzel					Surenian					297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel		Virgilian								298.9
			Stephanian	Stephanian C									300.3 *
				Stephanian B									300.9 *
				Stephanian A									301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A	Missourian								303.7
				Cantabrian	Missourian								305 *
					Desmoinesian							305.9 *
		Moscovian										307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D								307.4 *
				Westphalian C								309.8
				Westphalian C	Atokan							312.7 *
				Westphalian B								314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B							315.2
				Westphalian A						317 *
				Westphalian A	Morrowan					318.4 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian						318.8 *
				Marsdenian						320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian						321.5 *
				Alportian						322 *
				Chokierian						323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	Chesterian					323.2
				Arnsbergian						324 *
				Pendleian						327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †						330.9
			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Meramecian					335.8 *
			Livian	Asbian †						336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian						340.2 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian		Osagean				346.7
			Ivorian		Kinderhookian				351.9 *
			Hastarian		Kinderhookian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Emsian	393.3
		Pragian							Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian				Albertian †	497
		Drumian				Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan				Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran				Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4				Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran	514
						Montezuman	514.8 *
						Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
													538.8