PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of North America					Cenozoic Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Cenozoic 6				0
				Northgrippian																	0.0042
				Greenlandian																	0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian									Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian									Early Pleistocene								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene								2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene								3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene								5.333
				Tortonian									Late Miocene								7.246
				Serravallian									Middle Miocene				Cenozoic 5				11.63
				Langhian									Middle Miocene								13.82
				Burdigalian									Early Miocene								15.98
				Aquitanian									Early Miocene								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene				Cenozoic 4				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene				Cenozoic 4				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene				Cenozoic 3				33.9
				Bartonian									Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 3				37.71
				Lutetian									Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 2				41.2
				Ypresian									Early Eocene				Cenozoic 2				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene				Cenozoic 1				56
				Selandian									Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian									Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Cretaceous 8				66
				Campanian													Cretaceous 7				72.1
				Santonian													Cretaceous 6				83.6
				Coniacian																	86.3
				Turonian																	89.8
				Cenomanian													Cretaceous 5				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													Cretaceous 4				100.5
				Aptian													Cretaceous 3				113
				Barremian													Cretaceous 2				121.4
				Hauterivian													Cretaceous 2				125.77
				Valanginian													Cretaceous 1				132.6
				Berriasian													Cretaceous 1				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													Jurassic 6				145
				Kimmeridgian													Jurassic 5				149.2
				Oxfordian																	154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
				Bathonian													Jurassic 4				165.3
				Bajocian													Jurassic 4				168.2
				Aalenian													Jurassic 3				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													Jurassic 3				174.7
				Pliensbachian													Jurassic 2				184.2
				Sinemurian													Jurassic 1				192.9
				Hettangian													Jurassic 1				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													Triassic 4				201.4
				Norian													Triassic 4				208.5
				Carnian													Triassic 3				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													Triassic 2				237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													Triassic 2				242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													Triassic 1				247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													Triassic 1				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Permian 4				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian																	259.51
				Wordian																	264.28
				Roadian													Permian 3				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian													Permian 2				273.01
				Artinskian																	283.5
				Sakmarian																	290.1
				Asselian													Permian 1				293.52
				Asselian	Kuzel												Permian 1				297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		298.9
						Xiaodushanian	300 *
					Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
							Cantabrian	305 *
						Dalaun		305.8 *
			Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
						Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian		Carboniferous 3	Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
				Shangsian			Pendleian	330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Carboniferous 2	330.9
				Jiusian	Warnantian	Brigantian †		335 *
					Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Tournaisian	Ivorian		Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	346.7
			Tournaisian	Hastarian		Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian				Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian				Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1			433.4
			Telychian							436.3 *
			Aeronian							438.5
			Aeronian					Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian					Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian		Ordovician 5	Kosovian	443.8
			Katian					Gamachian			Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
								Richmondian			Kralodvorian		446 *
	Berounian							Richmondian			449.7 *
								Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian		449.8 *
								Edenian					450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
			Sandbian					Chatfieldian		Ordovician 4			453
								Turinian					453.7 *
								Turinian					Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Whiterockian				Canadian †		Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3						458.4
	Dobrotivian															458.5 *
	Oretanian															459.7 *
												Sarka †				461.7 *
			Dapingian							Ordovician 2		Klabava †				467.3
	Arenigian															468
								Rangerian								469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian					Tulean									473.9 *
	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1					Tulean		Tremadocian							477.7
								Stairsian									480.3 *
								Skullrockian								Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Stage 10																Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian																Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Marjumian	Albertian †		Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian													Marjumian			Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan													Topazan			Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan													Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4													Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3													Dyeran			Cambrian 2	514
															Montezuman				514.8 *
															Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian			720
		Tonian			Karatau													800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000	Karatau
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																					1400