PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian						Tertiary †	2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian							3
		Zanclean							Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian							13.82
									Clifdenian							15.1
								Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian							23.03
									Duntroonian							25.2
									Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
								Arnold	Runangan							34.6
									Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian							41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
									Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan							47.8
									Mangaorapan							48.9
									Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian							56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian							Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
									Mangaotanean							90.5
									Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan							93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
									Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan							100.5
									Urutawan							103.3
								Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian							Korangan							113
		Aptian														117.5
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan	150
					Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian			Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian			Oretian	227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Kathwai	251.902
							252.4 *
						Chhidru	252.9 *
					Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan			254.2
						Kalabagh		255 *
						Wargal		256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian			259.51
		Wordian		Wordian						264.28
										265.3 *
							Barettian			266
						Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian		Roadian		Amb				266.9
		Roadian		Roadian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian						Cathedralian	273.01
							Mangapirian			Cathedralian	276
										Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian									283.5
							Telfordian				285
				Wolfcampian			Telfordian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
											288.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian								Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
		Asselian								Nealian	Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Late Pennsylvanian	Kuzel	Virgilian	298.9
												Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
														Stephanian B	300.9 *
														Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian							Missourian				303.7	Stephanian A
									Missourian				Cantabrian	305 *
									Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian									Middle Pennsylvanian			307
												Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
			Westphalian C										309.8
			Westphalian C						Atokan				312.7 *
			Westphalian B										314.6
		Bashkirian	Westphalian B								Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
			Westphalian A										317 *
			Westphalian A						Morrowan				318.4 *
			Namurian									Yeadonian	318.8 *
												Marsdenian	320.2 *
												Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
												Alportian	322 *
												Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian		Chesterian	Chokierian	323.2
												Arnsbergian	324 *
												Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian						Brigantian †			Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Warnantian						Brigantian †		Meramecian		335.8 *
			Livian						Asbian †				336.3 *
			Moliniacian						Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
			Moliniacian						Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian								Osagean	Early Mississippian	346.7
			Ivorian								Kinderhookian		351.9 *
			Hastarian								Kinderhookian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											Emsian	393.3
		Pragian											Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian											Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
	Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
		Aeronian												438.5
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan						485.4
		Stage 10						Festiniogian						489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian						489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian						493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				St Davids								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai									509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
																538.8