PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Salt Range	Cenozoic Subepochs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia		Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian				Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian				Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian				Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian				Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian				Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian				Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian				Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian				Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian				Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian				Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian				Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian				Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
				Induan										251.2
				Induan			Kathwai							251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai		Melekhovian					251.902
														252.4 *
							Chhidru							252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian			Chhidru							254.14
							Kalabagh							255 *
							Wargal							256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian										264.28
									Noginskian					264.9 *
														265.3 *
							Amb							266.1 *
				Roadian			Amb							266.9
				Roadian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
				Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
				Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian	283.5
				Artinskian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian		293.52
				Asselian		Kuzel	297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel	298.9
						Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
							Stephanian B		300.9 *
							Stephanian A		301.4 *
				Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian				303.7
					Khamovnikian				304.8
					Khamovnikian		Cantabrian		305 *
					Krevyakinian				305.8 *
				Moscovian	Myachkovian				307
					Myachkovian	Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
					Podolskian		Westphalian D		308.9 *
					Podolskian		Westphalian C		309.8
					Kashirian				311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Vereian		Westphalian B	314.6
					Melekessian			314.8
				Bashkirian	Melekessian			315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Cheremshanian		Westphalian A	317 *
					Prikamian		Westphalian A	318.6 *
					Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Severokeltmian		Yeadonian	319.9 *
					Severokeltmian		Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian	321.2 *
					Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		Chokierian	323.2
					Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian	324 *
					Protvian			324.4 *
					Steshevian			326.8 *
					Steshevian		Pendleian	327.4 *
					Tarusian		Pendleian	329 *
				Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Venevian	330.9
							Mikhailovian	331.9 *
							Aleksinian	333.7 *
							Tulian	335.8 *
					Livian	Asbian †	Tulian	336.3 *
					Livian	Asbian †	Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Bobrikian	340.2 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Radaevkian	343.4 *
				Tournaisian	Ivorian		Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian	350.7 *
	Cherepetian						351.9 *
	Cherepetian				Hastarian		353.7 *
	Karakubian						354.4 *
	Upinian						356.3 *
	Malevkian						357.6 *
	Gumerovian						358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Tremadocian						477.7
		Tremadocian						Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian			489.5
								Aksaian			490.7 *
								Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian									494
		Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian						Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan						Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Amgan/Solvan			509
								Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian			514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian			521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400