PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of China	Ordovician of China	Permian of the Russian Platform
Jurassic	Middle Jurassic	Bajocian			Epizigzagiceras							168.2
		Bajocian			Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
		Aalenian			Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
					Planulata							179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
					Kanense							181.3 *
					Carlottense							182.3 *
					Kunae							183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Kunae							184.2
					Freboldi							185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
		Sinemurian										192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
		Hettangian			Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
		Wuchiapingian										254.14
		Wuchiapingian								Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian									Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
											Filipovian	276.5 *
											Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian								Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
											Irginian	285.9 *
											Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian								Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
											Uskalykian	294.8
											Surenian	297.5
			Kuzel								Surenian	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel									298.9
			Stephanian	Stephanian C								300.3 *
				Stephanian B								300.9 *
				Stephanian A								301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Stephanian A								303.7
		Kasimovian		Cantabrian								305 *
		Moscovian		Cantabrian								307
			Westphalian	Westphalian D								307.4 *
				Westphalian C								309.8
				Westphalian B								314.6
		Bashkirian		Westphalian B								315.2
				Westphalian A								317 *
			Namurian	Yeadonian								318.8 *
				Marsdenian								320.2 *
				Kinderscoutian								321.5 *
				Alportian								322 *
				Chokierian								323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian								323.2
				Arnsbergian								324 *
				Pendleian								327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian	Brigantian †				330.9
			Livian	Asbian †				336.3 *
			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian					346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian					353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian		485.4
		Jiangshanian			Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian			Paibian				494
		Paibian			Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian		497
		Drumian			Drumian	Wangcunian †			500.5
		Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Duyunian		Early Cambrian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Nangaoian				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian				521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian				529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian				530.7
												538.8