PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Permian of the Russian Platform
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean					0
				Meghalayan				Santarosean					0.0004
				Northgrippian									0.0042
				Greenlandian									0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
				Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean					0.014
				Chibanian				Rancholabrean					0.129
				Chibanian				Irvingtonian					0.21
				Calabrian				Irvingtonian					0.774
				Calabrian				Blancan					1.4
				Gelasian									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
				Zanclean									3.6
				Zanclean				Hemphillian					4.7
			Miocene	Messinian									5.333
				Tortonian									7.246
				Tortonian				Clarendonian					9.4
				Serravallian				Clarendonian					11.63
				Serravallian				Barstovian					12.5
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian									15.98
								Hemingfordian					16.3
								Arikareean					18.5
				Aquitanian									20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
				Rupelian		Kekeamuan							27.82
								Whitneyan					29.5
								Orellan					31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Chadronian					33.9
				Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Duchesnean					37
				Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Duchesnean					37.71
				Bartonian				Uintan					39.7
				Lutetian				Uintan					41.2
				Lutetian				Bridgerian					46.2
				Ypresian			Bumbanian	Bridgerian					47.8
								Wasatchian					50.5
								Clarkforkian					54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan		Clarkforkian					56
				Thanetian		Gashatan		Tiffanian					56.2
				Selandian				Tiffanian					59.2
				Selandian				Torrejonian					60.9
				Danian				Torrejonian					61.6
				Danian				Puercan					63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian	251.902
			Wuchiapingian		254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Tatarian				Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian						Urzhumian	264.28
			Wordian	Noginskian					Urzhumian	264.9 *
			Roadian		Kazanian				Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian		Kazanian				Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian				Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
									Filipovian	276.5 *
				Pavlovoposadian					Filipovian	276.8 *
									Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian		Artinskian				Sarginian	283.5
									Irginian	285.9 *
				Rusavkinian					Irginian	287.6 *
									Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian				Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian				Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian		Asselian				Shikhanian	293.52
									Uskalykian	294.8
									Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian						303.7
				Khamovnikian						304.8
				Krevyakinian						305.8 *
			Moscovian	Myachkovian						307
				Podolskian						308.9 *
				Kashirian						311.4 *
				Vereian			313.8
				Melekessian			314.8
			Bashkirian	Melekessian		315.2
				Cheremshanian		316.9 *
				Prikamian		318.6 *
				Severokeltmian		319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian		321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		323.2
				Protvian		324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
			Visean	Venevian		330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
				Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		339.9 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
Gorstian			425.6			Paadla
Wenlock		Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
Llandovery		Telychian	Jaani			433.4
		Telychian	Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
		Stage 10						Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian			Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian			Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			St Davids			497
		Guzhangian						Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai			Branchian	509
		Stage 3						Branchian	514
		Stage 3						Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
													635