PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				0
				Northgrippian				0.0042
				Greenlandian				0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian				0.129
				Calabrian				0.774
				Gelasian				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian		2.58
				Piacenzian		Ruscinian		3.1 *
				Zanclean		Ruscinian		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Turolian		5.333
				Tortonian		Turolian		7.246
				Tortonian		Vallesian		8.7
				Serravallian		Astaracian		11.63
				Langhian		Astaracian		13.82
				Burdigalian		Orleanian		15.98
				Burdigalian		Agenian		20
				Aquitanian		Agenian		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				33.9
				Bartonian				37.71
				Lutetian				41.2
				Ypresian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				56
				Selandian				59.2
				Danian				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Lancian/Edmontonian	66
				Campanian			Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
				Santonian				83.6
				Coniacian				86.3
				Turonian				89.8
				Cenomanian				93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
				Aptian				113
				Barremian				121.4
				Hauterivian				125.77
				Valanginian				132.6
				Berriasian				139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
				Kimmeridgian				149.2
				Oxfordian				154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
				Bathonian				165.3
				Bajocian				168.2
				Aalenian				170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
				Pliensbachian				184.2
				Sinemurian				192.9
				Hettangian				199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
				Norian				208.5
				Carnian				227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian			251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
				Wordian				264.28
				Wordian	Noginskian			264.9 *
				Roadian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
Pavlovoposadian				Kungurian	276.8 *
Pavlovoposadian				Artinskian	283.5
Rusavkinian				Artinskian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
				Khamovnikian	304.8
				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
Moscovian				Myachkovian	307
				Podolskian	308.9 *
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Melekessian	314.8
Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
			Visean	Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
		Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
			Aeronian		438.5
			Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
			Katian		445.2
			Sandbian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				538.8
		Cryogenian				635
		Tonian				720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				1000
		Ectasian				1200
		Calymmian				1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian				1600
		Orosirian				1800
		Rhyacian				2050
		Siderian				2300
Archean	Neoarchean					2500
	Mesoarchean					2800
	Paleoarchean					3200
	Eoarchean					3600
Hadean						4000
								4600