PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of Western Europe		European Faunal Zones	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian			0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian						MN 17						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16			Yushean	Tertiary †		2.58
				Piacenzian						MN 15						3.2
				Zanclean						MN 15						3.6
										MN 14						4.2
										MN 13			Baodean			4.9
			Miocene	Messinian						MN 13						5.333
				Tortonian						MN 12						7.246
										MN 11						7.75
										MN 10						8.7
										MN 9						9.7
										MN 7 + 8			Tunggurian			11.1
				Serravallian						MN 7 + 8						11.63
				Serravallian						MN 6						12.8 *
				Langhian						MN 5			Shanwangian			13.82
				Burdigalian						MN 4			Shanwangian			15.98
										MN 3			Xiejiaan			16.9
										MN 2						20
				Aquitanian						MN 2						20.44
				Aquitanian						MN 1						22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian							Dorashamian				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Dzhulfian			Longtanian †	254.14
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Midian			259.51
			Wordian				264.28
					Noginskian		264.9 *
				Murgabian			266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian			273.01
				Kubergandian	Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
				Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian			283.5
				Yakhtashian			286
				Yakhtashian	Rusavkinian		287.6 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian	Asselian			293.52
			Asselian	Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †			Kuzel		298.9
							Stephanian		Stephanian C		300.3 *
									Stephanian B		300.9 *
									Stephanian A		301.4 *
			Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian						303.7
					Khamovnikian						304.8
					Khamovnikian				Cantabrian		305 *
					Krevyakinian						305.8 *
					Krevyakinian						305.9
			Moscovian		Myachkovian					307
					Myachkovian		Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Podolskian				Westphalian D	308.9 *
					Podolskian				Westphalian C	309.8
					Kashirian					311.4 *
					Vereian					313.8
					Vereian				Westphalian B	314.6
					Melekessian					314.8
			Bashkirian		Melekessian					315.2
					Cheremshanian					316.9 *
					Cheremshanian				Westphalian A	317 *
					Prikamian				Westphalian A	318.6 *
					Prikamian		Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Severokeltmian				Yeadonian	319.9 *
					Severokeltmian				Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Krasnopolyanian				Marsdenian	321.2 *
					Krasnopolyanian				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Voznesenian				Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian				Chokierian	323.2
					Zapaltjubian				Arnsbergian	324 *
					Protvian					324.4 *
					Steshevian					326.8 *
					Steshevian				Pendleian	327.4 *
					Tarusian				Pendleian	329 *
			Visean		Venevian		Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
					Mikhailovian					331.9 *
					Aleksinian					333.7 *
					Tulian					335.8 *
					Tulian		Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
					Bobrikian		Livian		Asbian †	339.9 *
					Bobrikian		Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
					Radaevkian		Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian		Kosvian		Ivorian			346.7
					Kizelian					350.7 *
					Cherepetian					351.9 *
					Cherepetian		Hastarian			353.7 *
					Karakubian					354.4 *
	Upinian				356.3 *
	Malevkian				357.6 *
	Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635