PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Cambrian of Britain	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian								Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian								Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian							Pannonian	Late Miocene	7.246
				Serravallian							Sarmatian	Middle Miocene	11.63
				Serravallian							Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian									13.82
				Burdigalian								Early Miocene	15.98
				Aquitanian								Early Miocene	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian								Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian								Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian								Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian					259.51
				Wordian				Wordian					264.28
				Wordian	Noginskian			Wordian					264.9 *
				Roadian				Roadian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
					Pavlovoposadian				Cathedralian				276.8 *
									Hessian				281.9 *
				Artinskian					Hessian				283.5
								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
					Rusavkinian								287.6 *
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian		303.7
					Khamovnikian		304.8
					Krevyakinian		305.8 *
			Moscovian		Myachkovian		307
					Podolskian		308.9 *
					Kashirian		311.4 *
					Vereian		313.8
					Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian		Melekessian		315.2
					Cheremshanian		316.9 *
					Prikamian		318.6 *
					Severokeltmian		319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
					Voznesenian		321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian		323.2
					Protvian		324.4 *
					Steshevian		326.8 *
					Tarusian		329 *
			Visean		Venevian		330.9
					Mikhailovian		331.9 *
					Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Tulian		335.8 *
					Bobrikian		339.9 *
					Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian		Kosvian		346.7
					Kizelian		350.7 *
					Cherepetian		351.9 *
					Karakubian		354.4 *
					Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian		357.6 *
					Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth				Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
		Stage 10					Festiniogian	489.2 *
		Jiangshanian					Festiniogian	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Maentwrogian	493.1 *
		Paibian					Maentwrogian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids					497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai					509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †		Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †		Wonokan †		571.7 *
													635