PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Precambrian of Russia	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene				7.246
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene				11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene				13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene				15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene				33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene				37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene				41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
				Kimmeridgian							149.2
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Pliensbachian							184.2
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
				Norian							208.5
				Carnian							227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian			247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian			251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Wordian	Noginskian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.9 *
				Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
				Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian						276.8 *
				Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian					Autunian	283.5
				Artinskian	Rusavkinian						287.6 *
				Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian							293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian	303.7
				Khamovnikian	304.8
				Krevyakinian	305.8 *
Moscovian				Myachkovian	307
				Podolskian	308.9 *
				Kashirian	311.4 *
				Vereian	313.8
				Melekessian	314.8
Bashkirian				Melekessian	315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
			Visean	Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
			Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
			Telychian		Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
	Rhuddanian		440.8		Raikkula
	Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
		Guzhangian			Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian	509
		Stage 3			Branchian	514
		Stage 3			Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian					Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau		1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan		1375
											1400