PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cenozoic Subepochs	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian of Western Europe	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene	MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene	MP 16			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene	MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene	MP 6	MP 1 - 5		Gashatan			56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Zechstein				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Wordian	Noginskian								264.9 *
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian								276.8 *
		Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian				Autunian				283.5
		Artinskian	Rusavkinian								287.6 *
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian							303.7
			Khamovnikian							304.8
			Krevyakinian							305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian							307
			Podolskian							308.9 *
			Kashirian							311.4 *
			Vereian							313.8
			Melekessian							314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian							315.2
			Cheremshanian							316.9 *
			Prikamian							318.6 *
			Severokeltmian							319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian							321.2 *
			Voznesenian							321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian							323.2
			Protvian							324.4 *
			Steshevian							326.8 *
			Tarusian							329 *
		Visean	Venevian						330.9
			Mikhailovian		331.9 *
			Aleksinian		333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †		477.9 *
											485.4