PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of North America			European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian		Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian		Early Pleistocene								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene				Villanyian				2.58
				Piacenzian		Late Pliocene				Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean		Early Pliocene				Ruscinian				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene				Turolian				5.333
				Tortonian						Turolian				7.246
				Tortonian						Vallesian				8.7
				Serravallian		Middle Miocene				Astaracian				11.63
				Langhian		Middle Miocene				Astaracian				13.82
				Burdigalian		Early Miocene				Orleanian				15.98
				Burdigalian						Agenian				20
				Aquitanian						Agenian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene								33.9
				Bartonian		Middle Eocene								37.71
				Lutetian		Middle Eocene								41.2
				Ypresian		Early Eocene								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene								56
				Selandian		Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian		Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian									251.902
				Wuchiapingian										254.14
				Wuchiapingian							Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Severodvinian		259.51
				Wordian								Urzhumian		264.28
				Wordian	Noginskian							Urzhumian		264.9 *
				Roadian							Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
				Roadian							Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
												Filipovian		276.5 *
Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *							Filipovian
					Saraninian		280.1 *
				Artinskian	Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
							Irginian	285.9 *
Rusavkinian							Irginian	287.6 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
				Asselian	Asselian		Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian				Missourian	303.7
				Khamovnikian					304.8
				Krevyakinian					305.8 *
				Krevyakinian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
Moscovian				Myachkovian					307
				Podolskian					308.9 *
				Kashirian					311.4 *
				Kashirian				Atokan	312.7 *
				Vereian					313.8
				Melekessian					314.8
Bashkirian				Melekessian					315.2
				Cheremshanian					316.9 *
				Cheremshanian		Morrowan		318.4 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
				Voznesenian				321.9 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		Chesterian		323.2
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Tarusian				329 *
			Visean	Venevian				330.9
				Mikhailovian				331.9 *
				Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian		Meramecian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		Meramecian		339.9 *
				Bobrikian		Osagean		343.1 *
				Radaevkian				343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian				346.7
				Kizelian				350.7 *
				Cherepetian		Kinderhookian		351.9 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
				Upinian				356.3 *
				Malevkian				357.6 *
				Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian				365.3 *
						Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian			Late Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
						Early Frasnian				379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian			Givetian	382.7
	Middle Givetian					383.7 *
	Early Givetian					385.9 *
	Eifelian		Late Eifelian			Eifelian			387.7
	Eifelian		Early Eifelian			Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			Gedinnine			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan							419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran							422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan							Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400