PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127688 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Britain		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America		Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian			Buntsandstein								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Buntsandstein								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller								259.51
				Wordian				Leine								264.28
				Wordian	Noginskian			Leine								264.9 *
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian											276.8 *
				Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian											283.5
				Artinskian	Rusavkinian											287.6 *
Sakmarian				290.1
Asselian				Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian		298.9
			Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian	Missourian	303.7
				Khamovnikian		304.8
				Krevyakinian		305.8 *
				Krevyakinian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian	Myachkovian		307
				Podolskian		308.9 *
				Kashirian		311.4 *
				Kashirian	Atokan	312.7 *
				Vereian		313.8
				Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian	Melekessian		315.2
				Cheremshanian		316.9 *
				Cheremshanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
				Prikamian		318.6 *
				Severokeltmian		319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian		321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Chesterian	323.2
				Protvian		324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
			Visean	Venevian		330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
				Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian	Meramecian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	Meramecian	339.9 *
				Bobrikian	Osagean	343.1 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
				Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian		443.8
	Katian		Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †		445.2
	Katian		Berounian						449.7 *
	Sandbian								453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
			Dobrotivian					458.5 *
			Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth							Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
										Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Sunwaptan	487.5
										Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian												489.5
													Steptoean	493 *
										Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian								Maentwrogian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids									Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian										Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan										Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan										Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4										Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3										Dyeran		514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
												Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													1000
		Ectasian													1200
		Calymmian													1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian													1600
		Orosirian													1800
		Rhyacian													2050
		Siderian													2300
Archean	Neoarchean														2500
	Mesoarchean														2800
	Paleoarchean														3200
	Eoarchean														3600
Hadean															4000
																4600