PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Pamirs	European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian						Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian						Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian						Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Villanyian		Mangapanian			2.58
						Villanyian		Waipipian			3
						Ruscinian					3.1 *
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean						Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
						Vallesian					8.7
						Vallesian	Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian				Astaracian		Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian						Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian			13.82
								Clifdenian			15.1
							Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian				Orleanian		Altonian			15.98
						Orleanian		Otaian			18.7
						Agenian					20
		Aquitanian									20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian			23.03
								Duntroonian			25.2
								Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
							Arnold	Runangan			34.6
								Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian						Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian						Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian						Bortonian			41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
								Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian						Heretaungan			47.8
								Mangaorapan			48.9
								Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian			56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian						Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian						Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
								Mangaotanean			90.5
								Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian						Arowhanan			93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
								Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan			100.5
								Urutawan			103.3
							Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian						Korangan			113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian	Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian		259.51
		Wordian					264.28
				Noginskian			264.9 *
					Murgabian		266.2 *
		Roadian			Murgabian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian		273.01
				Pavlovoposadian	Kubergandian	276.8 *
					Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian	283.5
					Yakhtashian	286
				Rusavkinian	Yakhtashian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian		303.7
				Khamovnikian		304.8
				Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian		307
				Podolskian		308.9 *
				Kashirian		311.4 *
				Vereian		313.8
				Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian		315.2
				Cheremshanian		316.9 *
				Prikamian		318.6 *
				Severokeltmian		319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
				Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian		323.2
				Protvian		324.4 *
				Steshevian		326.8 *
				Tarusian		329 *
		Visean		Venevian		330.9
				Mikhailovian		331.9 *
				Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Tulian		335.8 *
				Bobrikian		339.9 *
				Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian		346.7
				Kizelian		350.7 *
				Cherepetian		351.9 *
				Karakubian		354.4 *
				Upinian		356.3 *
				Malevkian		357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani		433.4
		Telychian		Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju		Porkuni		443.8
		Katian				Pirgu		445.2
						Vormsi		449.6 *
						Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
				Viru		Rakvere			450.6 *
						Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian				Keila		Idavere †	453
						Haljala			453.9
						Kukruse			456.4 *
						Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4	Uhaku
					Lasnamagi	458.9 *
					Aseri	460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda	462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
					Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
						Latorp †			470.1 *
					Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg				477.7
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort				485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Guzhangian							Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Branchian	509
		Stage 3							Branchian	514
		Stage 3							Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
											538.8