PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of North America		Permian of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Devonian of Eastern North America		Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian					0.0117
				Chibanian						Lujanian					0.129
				Chibanian						Ensenadan					0.3 *
				Calabrian						Ensenadan					0.774
				Calabrian						Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
				Gelasian						Sanandresian					1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Vorohuean					2.58
				Piacenzian						Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
				Zanclean						Chapadmalalan					3.6
										Montehermosan					3.7 *
										Huayquerian					4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
										Chasicoan					7.9 *
										Mayoan					9.9 *
										Laventan					10.9 *
				Serravallian						Laventan					11.63
				Serravallian						Colloncuran					13.7 *
				Langhian						Colloncuran					13.82
				Langhian						Friasian					15.4 *
				Burdigalian						Friasian					15.98
										Santacrucian					16.2 *
										Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
				Aquitanian						Colhuehuapian					20.44
				Aquitanian						Deseadan					20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
				Rupelian											27.82
				Rupelian						Tinguirirican					28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian						Tinguirirican					33.9
				Priabonian						Divisaderan					35.9 *
				Bartonian											37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Lutetian						Mustersan					41.9 *
				Ypresian						Mustersan					47.8
				Ypresian						Casamayoran					47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Riochican					56
										Itaboraian					56.9 *
										Peligran					58.9 *
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
				Danian						Tiupampan					62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian	Meishanian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Laibinian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian		Kuhfengian	264.28
			Wordian	Noginskian		264.9 *
			Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Luodianian	273.01
			Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
			Artinskian			283.5
					Longlinian	285.4 *
				Rusavkinian		287.6 *
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian		Zisongian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian				Virgilian	300.1
			Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian			Missourian	303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
				Krevyakinian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian	Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian		307
				Podolskian				308.9 *
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Kashirian			Atokan	312.7 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Melekessian				314.8
			Bashkirian	Melekessian		Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Cheremshanian			Morrowan	318.4 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
				Voznesenian				321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		Late Mississippian	Chesterian	323.2
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Tarusian				329 *
			Visean	Venevian		Middle Mississippian		330.9
				Mikhailovian				331.9 *
				Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian			Meramecian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian			Meramecian	339.9 *
				Bobrikian			Osagean	343.1 *
				Radaevkian				343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian		Early Mississippian		346.7
				Kizelian				350.7 *
				Cherepetian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
				Upinian				356.3 *
				Malevkian				357.6 *
				Gumerovian				358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				West Fallsian/Sonyean		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian		Cazenovian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian							Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
Llandovery		Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan								485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian								Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran		Waucoban †						509
		Stage 4	Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran								514
			Montezuman								514.8 *
			Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400