PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Australia	Devonian of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Calabrian						0.774
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian						15.98
		Aquitanian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian			Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Wordian	Noginskian					264.9 *
		Roadian				Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
		Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian					283.5
		Artinskian	Rusavkinian					287.6 *
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian			303.7
			Khamovnikian			304.8
			Krevyakinian		Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian	Carboniferous 4		307
			Podolskian			308.9 *
			Kashirian			311.4 *
			Vereian			313.8
			Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian			315.2
			Cheremshanian			316.9 *
			Cheremshanian		Huashibanian	318.5 *
			Prikamian			318.6 *
			Severokeltmian			319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian		Lousuan	321.2 *
			Voznesenian		Lousuan	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Carboniferous 3	Dewunian	323.2
			Protvian			324.4 *
			Steshevian			326.8 *
			Tarusian			329 *
			Tarusian		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Venevian	Carboniferous 2		330.9
			Mikhailovian			331.9 *
			Aleksinian			333.7 *
			Aleksinian		Jiusian	335 *
			Tulian			335.8 *
			Bobrikian			339.9 *
			Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Carboniferous 1	Tangbagouan	346.7
			Kizelian			350.7 *
			Cherepetian			351.9 *
			Karakubian			354.4 *
			Upinian			356.3 *
			Malevkian			357.6 *
			Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Adorf	Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Eifelian	Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Emsian	Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian		Siegen	Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian		Cambrian 5	485.4
		Stage 10			Payntonian			486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian			489.5
		Paibian			Idamean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Mindyallan		Cambrian 4	497
		Guzhangian			Boomerangian			499
		Drumian			Undillan			500.5
		Drumian			Floran			503
		Wuliuan			Templetonian		Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan			Ordian			507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4			Ordian			509
		Stage 4						510.8 *
		Stage 3					Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
								538.8