PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126949 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of China		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of China		Mesozoic Subages
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
				Campanian												Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
				Santonian												Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
				Coniacian												Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
				Turonian												Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Cenomanian												Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												Late Albian		100.5
																Middle Albian		106.2 *
																Early Albian		109.9 *
				Aptian												Late Aptian		113
				Aptian												Early Aptian		119.5 *
				Barremian												Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian												Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian												Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian												Late Berriasian		139.8
																Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																Early Berriasian		142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
				Tithonian												Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian												Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
				Kimmeridgian												Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
				Oxfordian												Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
				Oxfordian													Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
				Bathonian												Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
				Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras					Late Bajocian		168.2
											Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					Late Bajocian		168.4
											Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					Early Bajocian		168.6 *
				Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					Late Toarcian		174.7
											Planulata							179.3 *
													Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
																Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
											Kanense							181.3 *
											Carlottense							182.3 *
											Carlottense					Early Toarcian		182.9 *
											Kunae					Early Toarcian		183.5 *
				Pliensbachian							Kunae					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
											Freboldi							185.1 *
											Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
												Tetraspidoceras						189.2 *
											Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
				Sinemurian												Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
											Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
											Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
				Hettangian							Franziceras/Euphyllites					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian												Sevatian		208.5
																Alaunian		213.2 *
																Lacian		216.7 *
				Carnian												Tuvalian		227
				Carnian												Julian		233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												Longobardian		237
				Ladinian												Fassanian		239.7 *
				Anisian												Illyrian		242
																Pelsonian		243.8 *
																Bithynian		244.7 *
																Aegean		245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												Spathian		247.2
				Olenekian												Smithian		248.9 *
				Induan												Dienerian		251.2
				Induan												Griesbachian		251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian			Buntsandstein		Meishanian								251.902
				Changhsingian						Baoqingian								253.4 *
Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian		254.14
Wuchiapingian				Laibinian		257.7 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Ohre/Aller		Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian	Leine		Kuhfengian	264.28
			Wordian	Leine	Noginskian		264.9 *
			Roadian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			Luodianian	273.01
			Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
			Artinskian				283.5
						Longlinian	285.4 *
					Rusavkinian		287.6 *
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian			Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Gzhelian					300.1
			Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian			303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Krevyakinian			305.8 *
			Moscovian		Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
			Bashkirian		Melekessian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
					Voznesenian			321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian		Late Mississippian	323.2
					Protvian			324.4 *
					Steshevian			326.8 *
					Tarusian			329 *
			Visean		Venevian		Middle Mississippian	330.9
					Mikhailovian			331.9 *
					Aleksinian			333.7 *
					Tulian			335.8 *
					Bobrikian			339.9 *
					Radaevkian			343.4 *
			Tournaisian		Kosvian		Early Mississippian	346.7
					Kizelian			350.7 *
					Cherepetian			351.9 *
					Karakubian			354.4 *
					Upinian			356.3 *
					Malevkian			357.6 *
					Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
	Katian		Chientangkiangian					445.2		Wufeng †
	Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
	Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian						Guniu †/Hulo	458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian					Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian							470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian	Lianghekou †					477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †				Datsonian				485.4
		Stage 10	Niuchehean					Payntonian				486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian					Iverian				489.5
		Paibian	Paibian					Idamean				494
		Paibian	Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian				Idamean				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †				Mindyallan				497
		Guzhangian	Guzhangian					Boomerangian				499
		Drumian	Drumian			Undillan		500.5
		Drumian	Drumian			Floran		503
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Templetonian		504.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Ordian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian			Ordian		509
		Stage 4	Duyunian					510.8 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian					521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian					529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian					530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635