PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127688 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ten Million Year Bins	Precambrian of Russia	Permian of China	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6					0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian						Cenozoic 5					11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3					33.9
				Bartonian						Cenozoic 3					37.71
				Lutetian						Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Ypresian						Cenozoic 2					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1					56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8					66
				Campanian						Cretaceous 7					72.1
				Santonian						Cretaceous 6					83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5					93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4					100.5
				Aptian						Cretaceous 3					113
				Barremian						Cretaceous 2					121.4
				Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2					125.77
				Valanginian						Cretaceous 1					132.6
				Berriasian						Cretaceous 1					139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6					145
				Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5					149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian						Jurassic 4					165.3
				Bajocian						Jurassic 4					168.2
				Aalenian						Jurassic 3					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3					174.7
				Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2					184.2
				Sinemurian						Jurassic 1					192.9
				Hettangian						Jurassic 1					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4					201.4
				Norian						Triassic 4					208.5
				Carnian						Triassic 3					227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2					237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian						Triassic 2					242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian						Triassic 1					247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan						Triassic 1					251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian					Permian 4		Meishanian			251.902
				Changhsingian								Baoqingian			253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian								Laoshanian			254.14
				Wuchiapingian								Laibinian			257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian								Lengwuan			259.51
				Wordian								Kuhfengian			264.28
				Wordian	Noginskian										264.9 *
				Roadian						Permian 3					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Permian 2		Luodianian			273.01
				Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian										276.8 *
Artinskian				283.5
				Longlinian		285.4 *
					Rusavkinian	287.6 *
Sakmarian						290.1
Asselian				Permian 1		Zisongian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Zisongian	Virgilian	298.9
			Gzhelian				Virgilian	300.1
			Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian		Missourian	303.7
					Khamovnikian			304.8
					Krevyakinian			305.8 *
					Krevyakinian		Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian	Myachkovian	Carboniferous 4			307
				Podolskian				308.9 *
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Kashirian			Atokan	312.7 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Melekessian				314.8
			Bashkirian	Melekessian				315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Cheremshanian			Morrowan	318.4 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
				Voznesenian				321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Carboniferous 3		Chesterian	323.2
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Tarusian				329 *
			Visean	Venevian	Carboniferous 2			330.9
				Mikhailovian				331.9 *
				Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian			Meramecian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian			Meramecian	339.9 *
				Bobrikian			Osagean	343.1 *
				Radaevkian				343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian	Carboniferous 1			346.7
				Kizelian				350.7 *
				Cherepetian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
				Upinian				356.3 *
				Malevkian				357.6 *
				Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4			Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3			Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3			Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1			Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli			Silurian 2				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian		Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian						Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian	Berounian							449.7 *
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4					453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3							458.4
			Dobrotivian									458.5 *
			Oretanian									459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †				Ordovician 2			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian									468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1			Ungurian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5			Batyrbaian			485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian			489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Cambrian 4			Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan				Cambrian 3			Tuesaian			504.5
		Wuliuan										505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
									Toyonian			510 *
									Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3				Cambrian 2			Botomian			514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian				Cambrian 1						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400