PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Eastern North America		Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Devonian of Germany	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Lujanian				0.0117
				Chibanian												Lujanian				0.129
				Chibanian												Ensenadan				0.3 *
				Calabrian												Ensenadan				0.774
				Calabrian												Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
				Gelasian												Sanandresian				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			Vorohuean				2.58
				Piacenzian												Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
				Zanclean												Chapadmalalan				3.6
																Montehermosan				3.7 *
																Huayquerian				4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian																5.333
				Tortonian																7.246
																Chasicoan				7.9 *
																Mayoan				9.9 *
																Laventan				10.9 *
				Serravallian												Laventan				11.63
				Serravallian												Colloncuran				13.7 *
				Langhian												Colloncuran				13.82
				Langhian												Friasian				15.4 *
				Burdigalian												Friasian				15.98
																Santacrucian				16.2 *
																Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
				Aquitanian												Colhuehuapian				20.44
				Aquitanian												Deseadan				20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
				Rupelian																27.82
				Rupelian												Tinguirirican				28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian												Tinguirirican				33.9
				Priabonian												Divisaderan				35.9 *
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Lutetian												Mustersan				41.9 *
				Ypresian												Mustersan				47.8
				Ypresian												Casamayoran				47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Riochican				56
																Itaboraian				56.9 *
																Peligran				58.9 *
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
				Danian												Tiupampan				62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														Oteke	Puaroan	145
				Kimmeridgian														Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
																		Kawhia	Ohauan	150
																			Heterian	154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian															Temaikan	164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
Herangi				Toarcian	Ururoan	176
				Pliensbachian	Ururoan	184.2
				Pliensbachian	Aratauran	188.9
				Sinemurian		192.9
				Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
			Norian		Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
			Carnian		Oretian	227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Melekhovian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima		Flettian	259.51
			Wordian					264.28
						Noginskian		264.9 *
							Barettian	266
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
							Mangapirian	276
						Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
			Artinskian					283.5
							Telfordian	285
						Rusavkinian	Telfordian	287.6 *
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian		303.7
						Khamovnikian		304.8
						Krevyakinian		305.8 *
			Moscovian			Myachkovian		307
						Podolskian		308.9 *
						Kashirian		311.4 *
						Vereian		313.8
						Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian			Melekessian		315.2
						Cheremshanian		316.9 *
						Prikamian		318.6 *
						Severokeltmian		319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
						Voznesenian		321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian		323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
			Visean			Venevian		330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
						Tulian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian		339.9 *
						Radaevkian		343.4 *
			Tournaisian			Kosvian		346.7
						Kizelian		350.7 *
						Cherepetian		351.9 *
						Karakubian		354.4 *
						Upinian		356.3 *
						Malevkian		357.6 *
						Gumerovian		358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian							Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju								Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
				Nabala							Johvi †	450 *
			Viru	Rakvere								450.6 *
				Oandu								452 *
		Sandbian		Keila							Idavere †	453
				Haljala								453.9
				Kukruse								456.4 *
				Uhaku							Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku								458.4
				Lasnamagi								458.9 *
				Aseri								460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda								462.9 *
				Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
				Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka				467.1 *
		Dapingian		Volkhov							467.3
		Dapingian		Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
					Latorp †						470.1 *
				Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian		Hunneberg							477.7
				Varangu							481.3 *
				Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort							485.4
											486.3 *
											486.5
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																				1400