PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of North America	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
				Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian									Bumbanian			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan				56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian						66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic						100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian						Neocomian						125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
				Induan												251.2
				Induan											Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian										Kathwai	251.902
																252.4 *
															Chhidru	252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian											Chhidru	254.14
															Kalabagh	255 *
															Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
				Wordian												264.28
					Noginskian											264.9 *
						265.3 *
Amb						266.1 *
Amb				Roadian		266.9
				Roadian		270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		273.01
				Kungurian	Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
				Artinskian	Pavlovoposadian	283.5
				Artinskian	Rusavkinian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian		290.1
				Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Virgilian	298.9
				Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian	Missourian	303.7
					Khamovnikian		304.8
					Krevyakinian		305.8 *
					Krevyakinian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian	Myachkovian		307
					Podolskian		308.9 *
					Kashirian		311.4 *
					Kashirian	Atokan	312.7 *
					Vereian		313.8
					Melekessian		314.8
				Bashkirian	Melekessian		315.2
					Cheremshanian		316.9 *
					Cheremshanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
					Prikamian		318.6 *
					Severokeltmian		319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
					Voznesenian		321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian	Chesterian	323.2
					Protvian		324.4 *
					Steshevian		326.8 *
					Tarusian		329 *
				Visean	Venevian		330.9
					Mikhailovian		331.9 *
					Aleksinian		333.7 *
					Tulian	Meramecian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	Meramecian	339.9 *
					Bobrikian	Osagean	343.1 *
					Radaevkian		343.4 *
				Tournaisian	Kosvian		346.7
					Kizelian		350.7 *
					Cherepetian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
					Karakubian		354.4 *
					Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian		357.6 *
					Gumerovian		358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
				Pragian			407.6
				Lochkovian			410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
			Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow		Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock		Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery		Telychian	Jaani			433.4
			Telychian	Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
Juuru			Rhuddanian	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian		Rawtheyan				445.2
				Cautleyan				448.9 *
				Pusgillian				449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian				Onnian †	449.6 *
				Cheneyan					451.5 *
				Burrellian					452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
				Aurelucian				Longvillian †		456.8 *
				Aurelucian				Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian						470
				Whitlandian						471.1 *
				Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian						477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian						480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan								Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran		514
										Montezuman		514.8 *
										Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			1000
		Ectasian			1200
		Calymmian			1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian			1600
		Orosirian			1800
		Rhyacian			2050
		Siderian			2300
Archean	Neoarchean				2500
	Mesoarchean				2800
	Paleoarchean				3200
	Eoarchean				3600
Hadean					4000
																4600