PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Chibanian										Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian										Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian										Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian										Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian										Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian										Waipipian	3
		Zanclean										Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean										Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian										Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian										Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian										Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian										Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian										Lillburnian	13.82
												Clifdenian	15.1
											Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian										Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian										Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian										Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				Waitakian	23.03
												Duntroonian	25.2
												Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian					Kekeamuan						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
											Arnold	Runangan	34.6
												Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian										Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian										Bortonian	41.2
											Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
												Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian						Bumbanian				Heretaungan	47.8
												Mangaorapan	48.9
												Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan					Teurian	56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian		Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian										Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian										Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
												Mangaotanean	90.5
												Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian										Arowhanan	93.9
											Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
												Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic			Motuan	100.5
												Urutawan	103.3
											Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian										Korangan	113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian							Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Wordian			Noginskian	264.9 *
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Pavlovoposadian	276.8 *
		Artinskian			Pavlovoposadian	283.5
		Artinskian			Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel			297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Kuzel			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
						Stephanian				Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian						303.7
					Khamovnikian						304.8
					Khamovnikian					Cantabrian	305 *
					Krevyakinian						305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian				Middle Pennsylvanian		307
					Myachkovian	Westphalian				Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Podolskian			308.9 *		Westphalian D
					Podolskian		Westphalian C	309.8
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Vereian		Westphalian B	314.6
					Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Cheremshanian				316.9 *
					Cheremshanian		Westphalian A		317 *
					Prikamian		Westphalian A		318.6 *
					Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
					Severokeltmian		Yeadonian		319.9 *
					Severokeltmian		Marsdenian		320.2 *
					Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian		321.2 *
					Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
					Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian		321.9 *
							Alportian		322 *
							Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian		Chokierian	Late Mississippian	323.2
					Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian		324 *
					Protvian				324.4 *
					Steshevian				326.8 *
					Steshevian		Pendleian		327.4 *
			Tarusian	329 *			Pendleian
		Visean	Venevian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Mikhailovian				331.9 *
			Aleksinian				333.7 *
			Tulian				335.8 *
			Tulian	Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
			Bobrikian	Livian	Asbian †		339.9 *
			Bobrikian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Radaevkian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
			Kizelian				350.7 *
			Cherepetian				351.9 *
			Cherepetian	Hastarian			353.7 *
			Karakubian				354.4 *
			Upinian				356.3 *
			Malevkian				357.6 *
			Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
													419.2