PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean		0
				Meghalayan						Santarosean		0.0004
				Northgrippian								0.0042
				Greenlandian								0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean		0.014
				Chibanian						Rancholabrean		0.129
				Chibanian						Irvingtonian		0.21
				Calabrian						Irvingtonian		0.774
				Calabrian						Blancan		1.4
				Gelasian								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
				Zanclean								3.6
				Zanclean						Hemphillian		4.7
			Miocene	Messinian								5.333
				Tortonian								7.246
				Tortonian						Clarendonian		9.4
				Serravallian						Clarendonian		11.63
				Serravallian						Barstovian		12.5
				Langhian								13.82
				Burdigalian								15.98
										Hemingfordian		16.3
										Arikareean		18.5
				Aquitanian								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
				Rupelian								27.82
										Whitneyan		29.5
										Orellan		31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian		33.9
				Priabonian						Duchesnean		37
				Bartonian						Duchesnean		37.71
				Bartonian						Uintan		39.7
				Lutetian						Uintan		41.2
				Lutetian						Bridgerian		46.2
				Ypresian						Bridgerian		47.8
										Wasatchian		50.5
										Clarkforkian		54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian		56
				Thanetian						Tiffanian		56.2
				Selandian						Tiffanian		59.2
				Selandian						Torrejonian		60.9
				Danian						Torrejonian		61.6
				Danian						Puercan		63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian		Wordian	264.28
			Wordian	Noginskian	Wordian	264.9 *
			Roadian		Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
				Pavlovoposadian		Cathedralian	276.8 *
						Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian			Hessian	283.5
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
				Rusavkinian			287.6 *
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian			Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian			Missourian	303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
				Krevyakinian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian	Myachkovian				307
				Podolskian				308.9 *
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Kashirian			Atokan	312.7 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Melekessian				314.8
			Bashkirian	Melekessian				315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Cheremshanian			Morrowan	318.4 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
				Voznesenian				321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian			Chesterian	323.2
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Tarusian				329 *
			Visean	Venevian				330.9
				Mikhailovian				331.9 *
				Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian			Meramecian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian			Meramecian	339.9 *
				Bobrikian			Osagean	343.1 *
				Radaevkian				343.4 *
			Tournaisian	Kosvian				346.7
				Kizelian				350.7 *
				Cherepetian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
				Upinian				356.3 *
				Malevkian				357.6 *
				Gumerovian				358 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †				Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian †				Wonokan †	571.7 *
												635