PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian									251.902
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				Zechstein		Longtanian †		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †		256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Severodvinian	Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Urzhumian					264.28
		Wordian	Noginskian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Urzhumian					264.9 *
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
							Filipovian					276.5 *
			Pavlovoposadian				Filipovian					276.8 *
							Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian				283.5
							Irginian					285.9 *
			Rusavkinian				Irginian					287.6 *
							Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian			Tastubian	Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
		Kasimovian	Dorogomilovian								303.7
			Khamovnikian								304.8
			Krevyakinian								305.8 *
		Moscovian	Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian						307
			Podolskian								308.9 *
			Kashirian								311.4 *
			Vereian								313.8
			Melekessian								314.8
		Bashkirian	Melekessian		Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
			Cheremshanian								316.9 *
			Prikamian								318.6 *
			Severokeltmian								319.9 *
			Krasnopolyanian						321.2 *
			Voznesenian						321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Zapaltjubian		Late Mississippian				323.2
			Protvian						324.4 *
			Steshevian						326.8 *
			Tarusian						329 *
		Visean	Venevian		Middle Mississippian				330.9
			Mikhailovian						331.9 *
			Aleksinian						333.7 *
			Tulian						335.8 *
			Bobrikian						339.9 *
			Radaevkian						343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian		Early Mississippian				346.7
			Kizelian						350.7 *
			Cherepetian						351.9 *
			Karakubian						354.4 *
			Upinian						356.3 *
			Malevkian						357.6 *
			Gumerovian						358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian		358.9
									Middle Famennian		365.3 *
									Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian		372.2
									Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
									Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian		382.7
									Middle Givetian		383.7 *
									Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian							Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian							Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian	410.8
									Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10				Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian				Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian				Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †		Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian				Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Waucoban †	Delamaran		509
		Stage 4						Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran		514
								Montezuman		514.8 *
								Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
												538.8