PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Pamirs	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of North America					Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian									Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian									Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Late Pliocene	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian									Late Miocene	7.246
				Serravallian									Middle Miocene	11.63
				Langhian									Middle Miocene	13.82
				Burdigalian									Early Miocene	15.98
				Aquitanian									Early Miocene	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian									Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian									Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian									Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian									Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian									Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Melekhovian	Dorashamian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian								259.51
				Wordian										264.28
					Noginskian									264.9 *
						Murgabian								266.2 *
				Roadian		Murgabian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian								273.01
					Pavlovoposadian	Kubergandian								276.8 *
						Bolorian								279.8
				Artinskian		Bolorian								283.5
						Yakhtashian								286
					Rusavkinian	Yakhtashian								287.6 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
Asselian				Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian	303.7
					Khamovnikian	304.8
					Krevyakinian	305.8 *
			Moscovian		Myachkovian	307
					Podolskian	308.9 *
					Kashirian	311.4 *
					Vereian	313.8
					Melekessian	314.8
			Bashkirian		Melekessian	315.2
					Cheremshanian	316.9 *
					Prikamian	318.6 *
					Severokeltmian	319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
					Voznesenian	321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
					Protvian	324.4 *
					Steshevian	326.8 *
					Tarusian	329 *
			Visean		Venevian	330.9
					Mikhailovian	331.9 *
					Aleksinian	333.7 *
					Tulian	335.8 *
					Bobrikian	339.9 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
					Kizelian	350.7 *
					Cherepetian	351.9 *
					Karakubian	354.4 *
					Upinian	356.3 *
					Malevkian	357.6 *
					Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
		Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
			Aeronian			438.5
			Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian				Gamachian	445.2
	Richmondian						446 *
	Maysvillian						Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
	Edenian							450.4 *
	Mohawkian					Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian			Chatfieldian		453
						Turinian		453.7 *
	Whiterockian						Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
			Dapingian						467.3
			Dapingian			Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian			Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean				477.7
						Stairsian				480.3 *
						Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian			485.4
		Stage 10							487.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400