PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of France	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
				Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian				Bumbanian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan							56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Buntsandstein				Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller				Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian	Wordian				Leine					264.28
				Roadian	Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian								273.01
				Kungurian		Hessian								281.9 *
				Artinskian		Hessian							Autunian	283.5
				Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian								286.1 *
				Sakmarian		Lenoxian								290.1
				Asselian		Nealian								293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Kasimovian										303.7
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
				Visean										330.9
				Tournaisian										346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Famennian		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian								Frasnian		372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian		382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Couvinien		387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
				Pragian										407.6
				Pragian								Coblencien		408.2 *
Lochkovian				Gedinnine						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian	489.5
							Aksaian	490.7 *
							Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian				Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian					499.5
			Drumian				Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian				Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan				Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan					505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
							Toyonian	510 *
							Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3				Botomian	514
			Stage 3				Atdabanian	515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian	521
			Stage 2					525.5
			Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635