PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Ten Million Year Bins	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain				Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Tarantian		0.0117
		Chibanian											Ionian		0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian			Pannonian										7.246
		Serravallian			Sarmatian	Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Serravallian			Badenian										12.8 *
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3									33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3									37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2									41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1									56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6									145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5									149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3									174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2									184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4									201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4									208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian	Wordian												264.28
		Roadian	Roadian			Permian 3									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian		Permian 2									273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian											281.9 *
		Artinskian		Hessian											283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian											286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian			290.1
		Asselian		Nealian		Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5	Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3		Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3		Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1	Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1	Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
								Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4						453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
									Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
									Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian			Ordovician 3				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian			Ordovician 2				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian			470
									Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Ordovician 1			Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian			480.8 *
												485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian											Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4							Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4							Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3							Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan										Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4										Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3			Cambrian 2							Dyeran		514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
												Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1									529
															538.8