PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian								0.0117
		Chibanian			Ionian								0.129
		Chibanian			Ionian				Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian				3
		Zanclean							Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian				13.82
									Clifdenian				15.1
								Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian				23.03
									Duntroonian				25.2
									Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
								Arnold	Runangan				34.6
									Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian				41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
									Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan				47.8
									Mangaorapan				48.9
									Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian				56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian							Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
									Mangaotanean				90.5
									Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan				93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
									Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan				100.5
									Urutawan				103.3
								Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian							Korangan				113
		Aptian											117.5
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian	Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Wordian	Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian		Wordian	Urzhumian	264.9 *
		Roadian			Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian			Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
								Filipovian		276.5 *
				Pavlovoposadian				Filipovian		276.8 *
								Saraninian		280.1 *
						Hessian		Saraninian		281.9 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
								Irginian		285.9 *
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
				Rusavkinian						287.6 *
								Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian				Nealian	Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
								Uskalykian		294.8
								Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian						303.7
				Khamovnikian						304.8
				Krevyakinian						305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian						307
				Podolskian						308.9 *
				Kashirian						311.4 *
				Vereian						313.8
				Melekessian						314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian						315.2
				Cheremshanian						316.9 *
				Prikamian						318.6 *
				Severokeltmian						319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian						321.2 *
				Voznesenian						321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian						323.2
				Protvian						324.4 *
				Steshevian						326.8 *
				Tarusian					329 *
		Visean		Venevian					330.9
				Mikhailovian					331.9 *
				Aleksinian					333.7 *
				Tulian					335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Bolindian					Chientangkiangian			445.2
				Eastonian					Chientangkiangian			449 *
				Eastonian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
				Gisbornian								452 *
		Sandbian		Gisbornian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian		Yapeenian					Dapingian			467.3
		Dapingian		Castlemainian					Dapingian			468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian					Yiyangian			470
				Bendigonian								471.8 *
				Lancefieldian								473.5 *
		Tremadocian							Xinchangian			477.7
											Lianghekou †	477.9 *
				Warendian							Lianghekou †	482.8 *
													485.4