PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Tarantian											0.0117
				Chibanian			Ionian											0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Serravallian														11.63
				Langhian														13.82
				Burdigalian														15.98
				Aquitanian														20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Dzhulfian					254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian								Midian					259.51
				Wordian	Wordian								Midian					264.28
				Wordian	Wordian								Murgabian					266.2 *
				Roadian	Roadian								Murgabian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian							Kubergandian					273.01
						Cathedralian							Bolorian					279.8
						Hessian												281.9 *
				Artinskian														283.5
													Yakhtashian					286
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							Yakhtashian					286.1 *
				Sakmarian		Lenoxian							Sakmarian					290.1
Asselian				Nealian		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian				Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
			Telychian				Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	443.8
			Katian						Bolindian	445.2
									Eastonian	449 *
									Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian						Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian						Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian						Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian	470
									Bendigonian	471.8 *
									Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian						Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian						Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10								Festiniogian	Niuchehean		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian		493.1 *
			Paibian									Paibian		494
			Paibian									Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian									Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
	Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai							Duyunian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3								Nangaoian			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian								Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian								Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																		1400