PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		European Faunal Units	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian									Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian									Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian									Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian									Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Villanyian						Mangapanian		2.58
							Villanyian						Waipipian		3
							Ruscinian								3.1 *
				Zanclean											3.6
				Zanclean									Opoitian		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Turolian					Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian											7.246
							Vallesian								8.7
							Vallesian					Southland	Waiauan		11.04
				Serravallian			Astaracian						Waiauan		11.63
				Serravallian									Lillburnian		13.05
				Langhian									Lillburnian		13.82
													Clifdenian		15.1
												Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian			Orleanian						Altonian		15.98
							Orleanian						Otaian		18.7
							Agenian								20
				Aquitanian											20.44
				Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			Waitakian		23.03
													Duntroonian		25.2
													Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
												Arnold	Runangan		34.6
													Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian					MP 16				Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian					MP 16				Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				Bortonian		41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
													Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian					MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				Heretaungan		47.8
													Mangaorapan		48.9
													Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian					MP 6	MP 1 - 5			Teurian		56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian	Senonian	66
				Campanian									Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian									Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
													Mangaotanean		90.5
													Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian									Arowhanan		93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
													Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan	Gallic	100.5
													Urutawan		103.3
												Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian									Korangan		113
				Aptian											117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				Neocomian	125.77
Valanginian					132.6
Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian			Wordian		264.28
			Roadian			Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian		Cathedralian			273.01
			Kungurian					Hessian			281.9 *
			Artinskian					Hessian			283.5
			Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
			Pragian					Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian							Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian	500.5					Marjumian
			Wuliuan	Topazan	504.5
			Wuliuan	Delamaran	506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †				509
			Stage 4	Dyeran					511 *
			Stage 3	Dyeran					514
				Montezuman					514.8 *
				Begadean					519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian						538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian			Karatau						800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau						1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian						1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian						1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan						1375
															1400