PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Cambrian Epochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Precambrian of Russia	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Serravallian										11.63
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian										15.98
				Aquitanian										20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
				Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian					Bumbanian					47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan						56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Meishanian	Melekhovian			251.902
				Changhsingian						Baoqingian				253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian						Laoshanian			Zechstein	254.14
				Wuchiapingian						Laibinian			Zechstein	257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian					Lengwuan			Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian	Wordian					Kuhfengian				264.28
				Wordian	Wordian						Noginskian			264.9 *
				Roadian	Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian				Luodianian				273.01
						Cathedralian					Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
Hessian						281.9 *
				Artinskian		Autunian	283.5
							Longlinian			285.4 *
Wolfcampian					Lenoxian					286.1 *
										Rusavkinian	287.6 *
				Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian	Nealian		Zisongian				293.52
				Asselian	Nealian						Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
												300.1
											Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian							Dorogomilovian			303.7
										Khamovnikian			304.8
										Khamovnikian		Cantabrian	305 *
										Krevyakinian			305.8 *
			Moscovian							Myachkovian			307
										Myachkovian	Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Podolskian		Westphalian D	308.9 *
										Podolskian		Westphalian C	309.8
									Kashirian	311.4 *
								Vereian	313.8
								Vereian	Westphalian B	314.6
								Melekessian		314.8
			Bashkirian					Melekessian		315.2
								Cheremshanian		316.9 *
								Cheremshanian	Westphalian A	317 *
								Prikamian	Westphalian A	318.6 *
								Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Severokeltmian		Yeadonian	319.9 *
								Severokeltmian		Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian	321.2 *
								Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Zapaltjubian		Chokierian	323.2
								Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian	324 *
								Protvian			324.4 *
								Steshevian			326.8 *
								Steshevian		Pendleian	327.4 *
								Tarusian		Pendleian	329 *
			Visean					Venevian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
								Mikhailovian			331.9 *
								Aleksinian			333.7 *
								Tulian			335.8 *
								Tulian	Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
								Bobrikian	Livian	Asbian †	339.9 *
								Bobrikian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
								Radaevkian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
			Tournaisian					Kosvian	Ivorian		346.7
								Kizelian			350.7 *
								Cherepetian			351.9 *
	Hastarian							Cherepetian	353.7 *
								Karakubian	354.4 *
								Upinian	356.3 *
								Malevkian	357.6 *
								Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian					Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian					Karatau		1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan		1375
		Calymmian							1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian							1600
		Orosirian							1800
		Rhyacian							2050
		Siderian							2300
Archean	Neoarchean								2500
	Mesoarchean								2800
	Paleoarchean								3200
	Eoarchean								3600
Hadean									4000
														4600