PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127688 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of China	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan										145
				Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan										150
								Heterian										154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian				Temaikan										164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan										176
				Pliensbachian				Ururoan										184.2
				Pliensbachian				Aratauran										188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
				Norian				Warepan										208.5
								Otamitan										217
								Oretian										221
				Carnian				Oretian										227
				Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan										237
				Ladinian				Etalian										238
				Anisian				Etalian										242
				Anisian				Malakovian										246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian										247.2
				Olenekian				Nelsonian										249
				Induan				Nelsonian										251.2
				Induan			DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan							Meishanian			251.902
								Waiitian							Meishanian			253.2
															Baoqingian			253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian											Laoshanian			254.14
								Puruhauan							Laoshanian			254.2
								Puruhauan							Laibinian			257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian							Lengwuan			259.51
				Wordian	Wordian			Flettian							Kuhfengian			264.28
				Wordian	Wordian			Barettian										266
				Roadian	Roadian													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian									Luodianian			273.01
						Cathedralian		Mangapirian										276
						Hessian												281.9 *
				Artinskian														283.5
								Telfordian										285
															Longlinian			285.4 *
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian												286.1 *
																		288.5
				Sakmarian														290.1
				Asselian		Nealian									Zisongian		Bursumian †	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Zisongian		Virgilian	298.9
				Gzhelian													Virgilian	300.1
				Kasimovian													Missourian	303.7
				Kasimovian													Desmoinesian	305.9 *
				Moscovian													Desmoinesian	307
				Moscovian													Atokan	312.7 *
				Bashkirian													Atokan	315.2
				Bashkirian													Morrowan	318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian													Chesterian	323.2
				Visean													Chesterian	330.9
																	Meramecian	335.8 *
																	Osagean	343.1 *
				Tournaisian													Osagean	346.7
				Tournaisian													Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian						Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian						Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Kosovian	443.8
			Katian								Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian								Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian										453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †		456.2 *
												Liben †				458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
											Dobrotivian					458.5 *
											Oretanian					459.7 *
												Sarka †				461.7 *
			Dapingian									Klabava †				467.3
			Dapingian								Arenigian					468
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Arenigian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10													Batyrbaian	485.4
	Jiangshanian		489.5													Batyrbaian
			Aksaian													490.7 *
			Sakian													492.2 *
	Paibian		Sakian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian													497
		Guzhangian														499.5
		Drumian	Zhanaarykian													500.5
		Drumian	Tuesaian													503
		Wuliuan	Tuesaian													504.5
		Wuliuan														505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
			Toyonian													510 *
			Botomian													512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian													514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian													515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian													521
		Stage 2														525.5
		Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian			720
		Tonian			Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau	1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
																		1400