PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128338 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of China		Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of North America		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian													Pannonian		7.246
		Serravallian													Sarmatian		11.63
		Serravallian													Badenian		12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan											150
						Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras										168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense										168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta										174.7
					Herangi	Ururoan	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta										176
							Planulata										179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi								179.8 *
							Kanense										181.3 *
							Carlottense										182.3 *
							Kunae										183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae										184.2
							Freboldi										185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras									186.2 *
						Aratauran	Whiteavesi/Imlayi										188.9
																	189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis									190.3 *
		Sinemurian															192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras								196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites										196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian				Warepan											208.5
						Otamitan											217
						Oretian											221
		Carnian				Oretian											227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian				Etalian											238
		Anisian				Etalian											242
		Anisian	Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian	Wordian		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian	Wordian		Barettian	266
		Roadian	Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian			Cathedralian				273.01
					Mangapirian	Cathedralian				276
						Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian								283.5
					Telfordian					285
			Wolfcampian		Telfordian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian				Nealian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian	393.3
		Pragian								Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Kosovian	443.8
		Katian									Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian									Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian											453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
											Dobrotivian				458.5 *
											Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †						467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian		468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10					Niuchehean								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Paibian									494
		Paibian					Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian							494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian		Wangcunian †		Marjumian				Albertian †	497
		Drumian					Drumian		Wangcunian †		Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian				Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian				Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian				Delamaran				Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4					Duyunian				Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3					Nangaoian				Dyeran					514
											Montezuman					514.8 *
											Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Meishucunian									521
		Fortunian					Meishucunian									529
		Fortunian					Jinnigian									530.7
																	538.8