PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran										0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian				Castlecliffian										0.34
				Calabrian				Castlecliffian										0.774
				Calabrian				Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian				Nukumaruan										1.8
				Gelasian				Mangapanian										2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian	Tertiary †									2.58
				Piacenzian				Waipipian										3
				Zanclean				Waipipian										3.6
				Zanclean				Opoitian										3.7
			Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
				Messinian				Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian				Tongaporutuan										7.246
				Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan										11.04
				Serravallian				Waiauan										11.63
				Serravallian				Lillburnian										13.05
				Langhian				Lillburnian										13.82
								Clifdenian										15.1
							Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian				Altonian										15.98
				Burdigalian				Otaian										18.7
				Aquitanian				Otaian										20.44
				Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian										21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian										23.03
								Duntroonian										25.2
								Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
							Arnold	Runangan										34.6
								Kaiatan										36.7
				Bartonian				Kaiatan										37.71
				Bartonian				Bortonian										39.1
				Lutetian				Bortonian										41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
								Heretaungan										45.7
				Ypresian				Heretaungan										47.8
								Mangaorapan										48.9
								Waipawan										52
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian										56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian										66
				Campanian				Haumurian										72.1
				Santonian				Piripauan										83.6
				Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
								Mangaotanean										90.5
								Arowhanan										93.7
				Cenomanian				Arowhanan										93.9
							Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
								Motuan										99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan										100.5
								Urutawan										103.3
							Taitai	Korangan										108.4
				Aptian				Korangan										113
				Aptian														117.5
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		259.51
			Wordian		Wordian		264.28
			Roadian		Roadian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian		Cathedralian			273.01
			Kungurian				Hessian			281.9 *
			Artinskian				Hessian			283.5
			Artinskian		Wolfcampian		Lenoxian			286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian			290.1
			Asselian				Nealian			Bursumian †	293.52
			Asselian				Nealian			Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian	Kuzel	298.9
											Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian							Missourian		Stephanian A	303.7
										Missourian		Cantabrian	305 *
										Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian										307
											Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
												Westphalian C	309.8
										Atokan		Westphalian C	312.7 *
												Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian									Westphalian B	315.2
												Westphalian A	317 *
									Morrowan	318.4 *		Westphalian A
										Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian		Chokierian	323.2
											Arnsbergian	324 *
											Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean							Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
									Meramecian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
										Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
										Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
									Osagean	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
			Tournaisian						Osagean	Ivorian		346.7
								Kinderhookian	351.9 *	Ivorian
								Kinderhookian	Hastarian	353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian	Siegen						407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian							Bolindian			Pirgu	445.2
										Eastonian			Pirgu	449 *
													Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
Gisbornian										Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian							Keila			Idavere †	453
						Haljala				453.9
						Kukruse				456.4 *
						Uhaku				Aluoja †			457.5 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Uhaku							458.4
						Lasnamagi							458.9 *
						Aseri							460.4 *
						Oeland						Kunda	462.9 *
										Valaste †/Hunderum		Kunda	464.3 *
												Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian											467.3
			Castlemainian		468.5 *
			Castlemainian		Billingen		469.3 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Chewtonian				470
			Chewtonian				Latorp †					470.1 *
			Bendigonian									471.8 *
			Lancefieldian									473.5 *
					Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg							477.7
					Varangu							481.3 *
					Pakerort							482.2 *
			Warendian									482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian					1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian					1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan					1375
																		1400