PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of the Baltic				Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
		Bartonian														Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Lutetian																				41.2
		Ypresian															Bumbanian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Gashatan						56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																				66
		Campanian																				72.1
		Santonian																				83.6
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
		Cenomanian																				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																				100.5
		Aptian																				113
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian																				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																				145
		Kimmeridgian																				149.2
		Oxfordian																				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																				161.5
		Bathonian																				165.3
		Bajocian																				168.2
		Aalenian																				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																				174.7
		Pliensbachian																				184.2
		Sinemurian																				192.9
		Hettangian																				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																				201.4
		Norian																				208.5
		Carnian																				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian																				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian																			259.51
		Wordian	Wordian																			264.28
		Roadian	Roadian																			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian																		273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian																		281.9 *
		Artinskian		Hessian																		283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian																		286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian																		290.1
		Asselian		Nealian																Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian															Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian																		Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian																		Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian															Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian															Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian															Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian															Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian															Chesterian		323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian															Chesterian		330.9
																				Meramecian		335.8 *
																				Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian															Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian															Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
		Telychian				Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu	445.2
									Vormsi	449.6 *
									Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
								Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
									Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
									Haljala		453.9
									Kukruse		456.4 *
									Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku		458.4
									Lasnamagi		458.9 *
									Aseri		460.4 *
								Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
									Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
										Latorp †		470.1 *
									Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian							Hunneberg			477.7
									Varangu			481.3 *
									Pakerort			482.2 *
												Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
																		Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian	489.5
				Aksaian						490.7 *
				Sakian						492.2 *
										Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian	Paibian											494
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
													Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian									Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †		497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian									Guzhangian					499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian									Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan									Wuliuan/Taijangian		Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan										Wuliuan/Taijangian		Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian			Waucoban †		509
			Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
			Toyonian		Dyeran									511 *
			Botomian											512.5 *
		Stage 3										Nangaoian		514
					Montezuman									514.8 *
			Atdabanian		Montezuman									515.6 *
			Atdabanian		Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				Meishucunian					521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian									525.5
		Fortunian		Manykaian †								529
		Fortunian		Manykaian †			Jinnigian					530.7
																						538.8