PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of North America					Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Calabrian															0.774
				Gelasian															1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †									Yushean	2.58
				Zanclean														Yushean	3.6
				Zanclean														Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Tortonian														Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian														Tunggurian	11.63
				Langhian														Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian														Shanwangian	15.98
				Burdigalian														Xiejiaan	16.9
				Aquitanian														Xiejiaan	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
				Santonian							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Late Albian								100.5
											Middle Albian								106.2 *
											Early Albian								109.9 *
				Aptian							Late Aptian								113
				Aptian							Early Aptian								119.5 *
				Barremian							Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian							Late Berriasian								139.8
											Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
											Early Berriasian								142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
				Tithonian							Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian							Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Kimmeridgian							Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
				Oxfordian							Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
				Oxfordian								Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian							Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian							Late Bajocian								168.2
				Bajocian							Early Bajocian								168.6 *
				Aalenian							Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Late Toarcian								174.7
											Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
											Early Toarcian								182.9 *
				Pliensbachian							Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian							Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian							Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian							Sevatian								208.5
											Alaunian								213.2 *
											Lacian								216.7 *
				Carnian							Tuvalian								227
				Carnian							Julian								233.4 *
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Longobardian	237
			Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian	251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian	251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian		Wordian			264.28
			Roadian		Roadian			266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian			Cathedralian		273.01
			Kungurian					Hessian		281.9 *
			Artinskian				Autunian	Hessian		283.5
			Artinskian		Wolfcampian			Lenoxian		286.1 *
			Sakmarian					Lenoxian		290.1
			Asselian					Nealian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian							Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Dapingian										467.3
			Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian				485.4
			Stage 10											487.5
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †									504.5
Series 2		Stage 4				509
Series 2		Stage 3				514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2				521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635