PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian				66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic				100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian								Neocomian				125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
				Induan												251.2
				Induan							Kathwai					251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian	Kathwai					251.902
																252.4 *
											Chhidru					252.9 *
				Wuchiapingian					Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Chhidru					254.14
											Kalabagh					255 *
											Wargal					256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	Midian						259.51
				Wordian	Wordian											264.28
																265.3 *
											Amb					266.1 *
										Murgabian						266.2 *
				Roadian	Roadian											266.9
				Roadian	Roadian											270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian				Kubergandian						273.01
						Cathedralian				Bolorian						279.8
						Hessian										281.9 *
				Artinskian					Autunian							283.5
										Yakhtashian						286
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				Yakhtashian						286.1 *
				Sakmarian		Lenoxian				Sakmarian						290.1
				Asselian		Nealian				Asselian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian												307
				Bashkirian												315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
				Visean												330.9
				Tournaisian												346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian												372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian												382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian												387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
Pragian				407.6
Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian				Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †				449.6 *
							Cheneyan					451.5 *
							Burrellian					452.7 *
			Sandbian									453
								Actonian †				453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †				Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †					455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †					456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian					457.4 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
			Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
			Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig			Fennian						468.4 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian						470
							Whitlandian						471.1 *
							Moridunian						474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian						477.7
	Cressagian			Tremadoc			480.8 *
							485 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
			Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian				494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				497
			Drumian				500.5
			Wuliuan				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635