PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Zechstein		Longtanian †					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes							259.51
		Wordian	Wordian											264.28
		Roadian	Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian										273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian		Hessian			Autunian							283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian										286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian										290.1
		Asselian		Nealian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian								298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian								303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian								307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian								323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian								330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian				358.9
						Middle Famennian				365.3 *
						Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian				372.2
						Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
						Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian				382.7
						Middle Givetian				383.7 *
						Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian				387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian				390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian				393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian				398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian				410.8
						Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Datsonian		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
								Payntonian			486.8 *
								Payntonian			Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian						Iverian			Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian						Iverian			Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian						Idamean			Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Mindyallan		Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian						Boomerangian					499
		Drumian						Undillan					500.5
		Drumian						Floran					503
		Wuliuan						Templetonian	Stage 5 †		Topazan		504.5
								Templetonian			Delamaran		506.5
								Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4						Ordian				Waucoban †	509
													510.8 *
											Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran		514
											Montezuman		514.8 *
											Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8