PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Cambrian of China		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of the Baltic	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †				Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian									Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean									Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian									Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian									Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian									Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian									Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian									Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian									Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian									Agenian	20
				Aquitanian									Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian									259.51
				Wordian	Wordian									264.28
				Roadian	Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian								273.01
				Kungurian		Hessian								281.9 *
				Artinskian		Hessian								283.5
				Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian								286.1 *
				Sakmarian		Lenoxian								290.1
				Asselian		Nealian								293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Kasimovian										303.7
				Moscovian										307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
			Telychian	Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian				Paibian		494
			Paibian				Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †		497
			Drumian				Drumian	Wangcunian †			500.5
			Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian				509
		Series 2	Stage 3				Nangaoian				514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Meishucunian				521
			Fortunian				Meishucunian				529
			Fortunian				Jinnigian				530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400