PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Cambrian of China		Cambrian Epochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian Subages	Carboniferous Subepochs	Cambrian of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Pliensbachian																184.2
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
		Norian																208.5
		Carnian																227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian																237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian																242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian																247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan																251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian																251.902
		Wuchiapingian								Zechstein		Longtanian †						254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein		Longtanian †						256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian						Severodvinian	Rotliegendes								259.51
		Wordian	Wordian						Urzhumian									264.28
		Roadian	Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
		Roadian	Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
									Filipovian									276.5 *
									Saraninian									280.1 *
				Hessian					Saraninian									281.9 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian								283.5
									Irginian									285.9 *
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					Irginian									286.1 *
									Burtsevian									287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian									290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian									291.7 *
		Asselian		Nealian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian						Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian						Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian		358.9
								Middle Famennian		365.3 *
								Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian		372.2
								Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
								Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian		382.7
								Middle Givetian		383.7 *
								Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian						Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian						Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian		410.8
								Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		Late Cambrian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Niuchehean					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Paibian						494
		Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †				Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian		Stage 5 †			Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian		Stage 5 †			Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian		Early Cambrian			Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Duyunian					Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3								Nangaoian					Dyeran		514
															Montezuman		514.8 *
															Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian							521
		Fortunian								Meishucunian							529
		Fortunian								Jinnigian							530.7
																		538.8