PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Ordovician of North America						Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
													Kawhia	Ohauan					150
														Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian										Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian										Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian										Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian										Warepan					208.5
														Otamitan					217
														Oretian					221
				Carnian										Oretian					227
				Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian										Etalian					238
				Anisian										Etalian					242
				Anisian										Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian										Nelsonian					249
				Induan										Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan									DUrville	Makarewan				Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Dorashamian		Kathwai	251.902
																			252.4 *
																		Chhidru	252.9 *
														Waiitian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian										Waiitian		Dzhulfian			254.14
														Puruhauan					254.2
																		Kalabagh	255 *
																		Wargal	256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian								Aparima	Flettian		Midian			259.51
				Wordian	Wordian														264.28
																			265.3 *
														Barettian					266
																		Amb	266.1 *
																Murgabian			266.2 *
				Roadian	Roadian														266.9
				Roadian	Roadian														270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian										Kubergandian			273.01
														Mangapirian		Kubergandian			276
																Bolorian			279.8
						Hessian													281.9 *
				Artinskian															283.5
														Telfordian					285
																Yakhtashian			286
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian													286.1 *
																			288.5
				Sakmarian												Sakmarian			290.1
				Asselian		Nealian										Asselian			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
				Gzhelian													Xiaodushanian		300 *
				Kasimovian													Xiaodushanian		303.7
				Kasimovian													Dalaun		305.8 *
				Moscovian															307
				Bashkirian															315.2
																	Huashibanian		318.5 *
Lousuan							321.2 *
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	Dewunian			323.2
			Serpukhovian	Shangsian			330.8 *
			Visean	Shangsian			330.9
			Visean	Jiusian			335 *
			Tournaisian	Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian					Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian					Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
							Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Dapingian	467.3
		Dapingian	Rangerian					469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian				Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
		Floian					Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Tulean				477.7
							Stairsian				480.3 *
							Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Skullrockian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan			487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan			489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †			497
		Drumian									Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan									Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan									Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4									Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3									Dyeran				514
											Montezuman				514.8 *
											Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian			Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau	1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
																			1400