PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Ordovician of China			Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Wanganui	Haweran		0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Chibanian										Castlecliffian		0.34
				Calabrian										Castlecliffian		0.774
				Calabrian										Nukumaruan		1.63
				Gelasian										Nukumaruan		1.8
				Gelasian										Mangapanian		2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Mangapanian		2.58
				Piacenzian										Waipipian		3
				Zanclean										Waipipian		3.6
				Zanclean										Opoitian		3.7
			Miocene	Messinian									Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
				Messinian										Tongaporutuan		7.2
				Tortonian										Tongaporutuan	Pannonian	7.246
				Tortonian									Southland	Waiauan	Pannonian	11.04
				Serravallian											Sarmatian	11.63
															Badenian	12.8 *
														Lillburnian	Badenian	13.05
				Langhian										Lillburnian		13.82
														Clifdenian		15.1
													Pareora	Altonian		15.9
				Burdigalian										Altonian		15.98
				Burdigalian										Otaian		18.7
				Aquitanian										Otaian		20.44
				Aquitanian									Landon	Waitakian		21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Waitakian		23.03
														Duntroonian		25.2
														Whaingaroan		27.3
				Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
													Arnold	Runangan		34.6
														Kaiatan		36.7
				Bartonian										Kaiatan		37.71
				Bartonian										Bortonian		39.1
				Lutetian										Bortonian		41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
														Heretaungan		45.7
				Ypresian										Heretaungan		47.8
														Mangaorapan		48.9
														Waipawan		52
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Teurian		56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian	Mata	Haumurian		66
				Campanian										Haumurian		72.1
				Santonian										Piripauan		83.6
				Santonian									Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
														Mangaotanean		90.5
														Arowhanan		93.7
				Cenomanian										Arowhanan		93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
														Motuan		99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic		Motuan		100.5
														Urutawan		103.3
													Taitai	Korangan		108.4
				Aptian										Korangan		113
				Aptian												117.5
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian								Neocomian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
			Kimmeridgian			149.2
			Oxfordian			154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
			Bathonian			165.3
			Bajocian			168.2
			Aalenian			170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
			Pliensbachian			184.2
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
			Norian			208.5
			Carnian			227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian			Wordian	264.28
			Roadian			Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian					Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian					Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian					Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian					Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian					Xinchangian			477.7
										Lianghekou †	477.9 *
										Lianghekou †	Mansian †	483.55 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian			489.5
				Aksaian	490.7 *
				Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian		494
			Paibian		Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian								499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian								500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan								509
				Toyonian	Lenian †							510 *
				Botomian								512.5 *
			Stage 3	Botomian								514
			Stage 3	Atdabanian								515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								521
			Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
			Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian †							Poundian †			538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian †							Wonokan †			571.7 *
																635