PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Ordovician of Australia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian					3
		Zanclean							Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian							Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian					13.82
									Clifdenian					15.1
								Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian					23.03
									Duntroonian					25.2
									Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
								Arnold	Runangan					34.6
									Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian					41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
									Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan					47.8
									Mangaorapan					48.9
									Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian					56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian							Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
									Mangaotanean					90.5
									Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan					93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
									Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan					100.5
									Urutawan					103.3
								Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian							Korangan					113
		Aptian												117.5
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan		150
				Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian		Warepan		208.5
				Otamitan		217
				Oretian		221
		Carnian		Oretian		227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian		Etalian		238
		Anisian		Etalian		242
		Anisian		Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
		Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian	259.51
		Wordian	Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian	Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian	Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian				Cathedralian	273.01
						Mangapirian	Cathedralian	276
							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian						283.5
						Telfordian		285
			Wolfcampian			Telfordian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian		393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian				Kosovian	443.8
		Katian			Bolindian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
					Eastonian				Kralodvorian		449 *
					Eastonian				Berounian		449.7 *
					Gisbornian						452 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian								458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian			Yapeenian					Klabava †			467.3
					Yapeenian				Arenigian				468
					Castlemainian								468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian								470
					Bendigonian								471.8 *
					Lancefieldian								473.5 *
		Tremadocian			Lancefieldian				Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian			Warendian				Tremadocian				482.8 *
														485.4