PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127731 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Carboniferous of China	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian				66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic				100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian				125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian													208.5
				Carnian													227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
				Wuchiapingian												Zechstein	254.14
				Wuchiapingian							Tatarian	Vyatkian				Zechstein	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian							Severodvinian				Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian	Wordian							Urzhumian					264.28
				Roadian	Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
				Roadian	Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
												Filipovian					276.5 *
												Saraninian					280.1 *
						Hessian						Saraninian					281.9 *
				Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian				Autunian	283.5
												Irginian					285.9 *
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian						Irginian					286.1 *
												Burtsevian					287.8 *
				Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
				Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
				Asselian		Nealian					Asselian	Shikhanian					293.52
												Uskalykian					294.8
												Surenian					297.5
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
				Gzhelian											Xiaodushanian		300 *
				Kasimovian											Xiaodushanian		303.7
				Kasimovian											Dalaun		305.8 *
				Moscovian													307
				Bashkirian													315.2
															Huashibanian		318.5 *
															Lousuan		321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											Dewunian		323.2
				Serpukhovian											Shangsian		330.8 *
				Visean											Shangsian		330.9
				Visean											Jiusian		335 *
				Tournaisian											Tangbagouan		346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Late Famennian			358.9
Middle Famennian							365.3 *
Early Famennian							368.5 *
Frasnian				Late Frasnian			372.2
				Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
				Early Frasnian			379.3 *
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Late Givetian			382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian			387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
Early Devonian			Emsian	Late Emsian			393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian			398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
	Juuru		Rhuddanian				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian					443.8
		Katian	Bolindian					445.2
			Eastonian					449 *
			Gisbornian					452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian					458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian					467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian					468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian					470
			Bendigonian					471.8 *
			Lancefieldian					473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian					477.7
			Warendian					482.8 *
			Warendian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian					489.5
								Aksaian					490.7 *
								Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian											494
		Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian			Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Amgan/Solvan				509
					Toyonian	Lenian †			510 *
					Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian				514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian				521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
																	1400