PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of North America		Cambrian of China		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform
Phanerozoic	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Melekhovian			251.902
				Wuchiapingian														254.14
				Wuchiapingian												Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian												Severodvinian	259.51
				Wordian	Wordian												Urzhumian	264.28
				Wordian	Wordian										Noginskian		Urzhumian	264.9 *
				Roadian	Roadian											Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
				Roadian	Roadian											Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian										Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
																	Filipovian	276.5 *
															Pavlovoposadian		Filipovian	276.8 *
																	Saraninian	280.1 *
						Hessian											Saraninian	281.9 *
				Artinskian												Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
																	Irginian	285.9 *
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian												286.1 *
															Rusavkinian			287.6 *
																	Burtsevian	287.8 *
				Sakmarian												Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
				Sakmarian												Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
				Asselian		Nealian										Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
																	Uskalykian	294.8
																	Surenian	297.5
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
				Kasimovian											Dorogomilovian			303.7
															Khamovnikian			304.8
															Krevyakinian			305.8 *
				Moscovian											Myachkovian			307
															Podolskian			308.9 *
															Kashirian			311.4 *
															Vereian			313.8
															Melekessian			314.8
				Bashkirian											Melekessian			315.2
															Cheremshanian			316.9 *
															Prikamian			318.6 *
															Severokeltmian			319.9 *
															Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
															Voznesenian			321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											Zapaltjubian			323.2
															Protvian			324.4 *
															Steshevian			326.8 *
															Tarusian			329 *
				Visean											Venevian			330.9
															Mikhailovian			331.9 *
															Aleksinian			333.7 *
															Tulian			335.8 *
															Bobrikian			339.9 *
															Radaevkian			343.4 *
				Tournaisian											Kosvian			346.7
															Kizelian			350.7 *
															Cherepetian			351.9 *
															Karakubian			354.4 *
															Upinian			356.3 *
															Malevkian			357.6 *
															Gumerovian			358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian														372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian														382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian														387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian														393.3
				Pragian														407.6
				Lochkovian														410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli															419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian														423
Gorstian	425.6		Ludlow
Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
	Aeronian		438.5
	Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	Bolindian			443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian	Bolindian			Bohdalec †	445.2
			Kralodvorian	Eastonian				449 *
			Berounian	Eastonian				449.7 *
				Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian						458.4
			Dobrotivian							458.5 *
			Oretanian							459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †			Yapeenian			467.3
			Arenigian				Yapeenian			468
							Castlemainian			468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian			470
							Bendigonian			471.8 *
					Lancefieldian	473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian		Lancefieldian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian		Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10					Niuchehean				Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian				Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Paibian					494
		Paibian					Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Marjumian		Albertian †			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian			Marjumian					Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan			Topazan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran					Wuliuan/Taijangian		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran		Waucoban †			Duyunian		509
		Stage 4			Dyeran					Duyunian		511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran					Nangaoian		514
					Montezuman							514.8 *
					Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian								Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian								Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																		1400