PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Devonian of Eastern North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan				150
								Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian						Warepan				208.5
								Otamitan				217
								Oretian				221
		Carnian						Oretian				227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian						Etalian				238
		Anisian						Etalian				242
		Anisian						Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian				247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian				249
		Induan						Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan	Buntsandstein			251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian						Waiitian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Puruhauan				254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian				Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller			259.51
		Wordian	Wordian					Flettian	Leine			264.28
		Wordian	Wordian					Barettian	Leine			266
		Roadian	Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian								273.01
				Cathedralian				Mangapirian				276
				Hessian								281.9 *
		Artinskian										283.5
								Telfordian				285
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				Telfordian				286.1 *
												288.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian		Nealian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
		Visean										330.9
		Tournaisian										346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian	Cazenovian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian						393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan								Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4								Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3								Dyeran		514
										Montezuman		514.8 *
										Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
												538.8