PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Tarantian								0.0117
				Chibanian				Ionian								0.129
				Calabrian												0.774
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Serravallian												11.63
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Oteke	Puaroan	145
				Kimmeridgian										Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
														Kawhia	Ohauan	150
															Heterian	154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian											Temaikan	164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras							168.2
				Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense							168.4
				Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta							174.7
									Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					Herangi	Ururoan	176
									Planulata							179.3 *
									Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi					179.8 *
									Kanense							181.3 *
									Carlottense							182.3 *
									Kunae							183.5 *
				Pliensbachian					Kunae							184.2
									Freboldi							185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras						186.2 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi						Aratauran	188.9
																189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis						190.3 *
				Sinemurian												192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras					196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites							196.5 *
				Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
				Norian											Warepan	208.5
															Otamitan	217
Oretian					221
Oretian				Carnian	227
Gore				Carnian	Kaihikuan	227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Kaihikuan	237
				Ladinian	Etalian	238
				Anisian	Etalian	242
				Anisian	Malakovian	246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
				Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
				Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan	251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian	Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian	Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian	Roadian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Leonardian			Cathedralian	273.01
						Mangapirian	Cathedralian	276
							Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian					283.5
						Telfordian		285
				Wolfcampian		Telfordian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian				393.3
			Pragian					Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian					Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli										419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
		Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian									Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian										430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
			Aeronian										438.5
			Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
			Katian										445.2
			Sandbian										453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
			Drumian						500.5
			Wuliuan						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
		Series 2	Stage 3						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian								Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau	1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian								Burzyan	1375
																1400