PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of China	European Faunal Zones	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian						MN 17		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16		2.58
		Piacenzian						MN 15		3.2
		Zanclean						MN 15		3.6
								MN 14		4.2
								MN 13		4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						MN 13		5.333
		Tortonian						MN 12		7.246
								MN 11		7.75
								MN 10		8.7
								MN 9		9.7
								MN 7 + 8		11.1
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5		MN 7 + 8		11.63
		Serravallian						MN 6		12.8 *
		Langhian						MN 5		13.82
		Burdigalian						MN 4		15.98
								MN 3		16.9
								MN 2		20
		Aquitanian						MN 2		20.44
		Aquitanian						MN 1		22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2			Triassic 1
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4	Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Capitanian	Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian		Wordian	Kuhfengian	264.28
		Roadian	Roadian	Permian 3	Kuhfengian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	Permian 2	Luodianian	273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian					283.5
						Longlinian	285.4 *
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian			290.1
		Asselian		Nealian	Permian 1	Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	Zisongian	298.9
		Gzhelian					300.1
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko		Devonian 3		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec		Devonian 3	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian		Devonian 2	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Pragian		Devonian 1	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian		Devonian 1	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1		529
										538.8