PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Carboniferous of China	Silurian of England		Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian	Wordian											264.28
		Roadian	Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian										273.01
		Kungurian		Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian		Hessian										283.5
		Artinskian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian										286.1 *
		Sakmarian		Lenoxian										290.1
		Asselian		Nealian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian									300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian									303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun									305.8 *
		Moscovian										Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian										Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
					Huashibanian	318.5 *
					Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian	Late Mississippian	330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Visean			Jiusian	Middle Mississippian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine			Ohesaare		419.2
								Bringewood/Elton			Ohesaare		421.3
								Bringewood/Elton			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian						Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas			426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	Rootsikula		427.4
							Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula		428.4 *
									Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian							Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani		433.4
									Adavere		434 *
											436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
							Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
									Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian							Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian							Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †		497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †			504.5
														509