PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian Subages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Senonian	66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Gallic	100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian											Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Melekhovian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian								Zechstein				254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Tatarian	Vyatkian	Zechstein				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Capitanian						Severodvinian	Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian	Wordian						Urzhumian					264.28
		Wordian	Wordian						Urzhumian			Noginskian		264.9 *
		Roadian	Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
		Roadian	Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Leonardian	Cathedralian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
									Filipovian					276.5 *
									Filipovian			Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
									Saraninian					280.1 *
				Hessian					Saraninian					281.9 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian				283.5
									Irginian					285.9 *
			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian										286.1 *
												Rusavkinian		287.6 *
									Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian		Nealian				Asselian	Shikhanian					293.52
									Uskalykian					294.8
									Surenian					297.5
					Kuzel				Surenian					297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel									298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C								300.3 *
						Stephanian B								300.9 *
						Stephanian A								301.4 *
		Kasimovian										Dorogomilovian		303.7
												Khamovnikian		304.8
						Cantabrian						Khamovnikian		305 *
												Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian										Myachkovian		307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D						Myachkovian		307.4 *
						Westphalian D	Podolskian				308.9 *
						Westphalian C	Podolskian				309.8
							Kashirian				311.4 *
							Vereian				313.8
						Westphalian B	Vereian				314.6
							Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian				315.2
							Cheremshanian				316.9 *
						Westphalian A	Cheremshanian				317 *
						Westphalian A	Prikamian				318.6 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	Prikamian				318.8 *
						Yeadonian	Severokeltmian				319.9 *
						Marsdenian	Severokeltmian				320.2 *
						Marsdenian	Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	Krasnopolyanian				321.5 *
						Kinderscoutian	Voznesenian				321.9 *
						Alportian					322 *
						Chokierian					323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	Zapaltjubian				323.2
						Arnsbergian	Zapaltjubian				324 *
							Protvian				324.4 *
							Steshevian				326.8 *
						Pendleian	Steshevian				327.4 *
						Pendleian	Tarusian				329 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	Venevian				330.9
							Mikhailovian				331.9 *
							Aleksinian				333.7 *
							Tulian				335.8 *
					Livian	Asbian †	Tulian				336.3 *
					Livian	Asbian †	Bobrikian				339.9 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Bobrikian				340.2 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Radaevkian				343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		Kosvian				346.7
							Kizelian				350.7 *
							Cherepetian				351.9 *
					Hastarian		Cherepetian				353.7 *
							Karakubian				354.4 *
							Upinian				356.3 *
							Malevkian				357.6 *
							Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Late Famennian					358.9
							Middle Famennian					365.3 *
							Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian					Late Frasnian					372.2
							Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
							Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Late Givetian					382.7
							Middle Givetian					383.7 *
							Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian					387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian					390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Late Emsian					393.3
		Emsian					Early Emsian					398.3 *
		Pragian					Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ashgill			Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Rawtheyan	445.2
							Cautleyan	448.9 *
							Pusgillian	449.3 *
				Caradoc			Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
							Cheneyan		451.5 *
							Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian							453
								Actonian †	453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †		455.2 *
							Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
							Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenig			Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Fennian			470
							Whitlandian			471.1 *
							Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc			Migneintian			477.7
				Tremadoc			Cressagian			480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Guzhangian								Arcadian		498.4
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Branchian		509
		Stage 3				514				Branchian
		Stage 3				Placentian				517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
														538.8